Corruption, as illustrated by cases like Mobutu Sese Seko in Congo, is most prevalent in developing countries and consistently inhibits economic growth through negative impacts on private investment, resource misallocation, distorted budgets, and reduced efficiency. While some argue that corruption may facilitate certain bureaucratic processes and incentivize superior work in specific contexts, empirical evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates its adverse effects on economic development, urging developing countries to focus on improving their institutions and practices for the well-being of their citizens.

In 1931, Stalin's Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialization with centralized control, drawing parallels to modern China. The narrative raises concerns about centralized power stifling innovation and emphasizes the need for market reforms to ensure sustained economic growth in China.

Uber, operating in over 70 countries with 93 million monthly users, faces criticism for its surge pricing during peak hours, but this pricing strategy, deemed surge pricing rather than price gouging, serves as a dynamic market approach appreciated by economists. Despite customer complaints, surge pricing efficiently allocates rides to those in urgent need, benefits drivers by offering incentives for challenging shifts, and serves as a valuable model for understanding supply and demand dynamics, contributing to the ongoing debate on anti-gouging laws and market efficiency.